As others have stated, water in trees gets up thanks to two processes. The first is indeed capillary action. The tubes carrying the water are rather thin, and it clings to the sides of it. But this is a rather small part of the total energy carrying the water. The main mechanism is a negative pressure inside the vascular system of the tree. Basically, tree leaves sweat water all the time (more or less depending on temperature). The water leaving the tree kind of sucks up the water following inside the vessels (this is a simplification to not go into the physics behind). In some larger trees, the negative pressure inside the vascular system can be exceptionally strong, requiring exceptional strength of the tree’s components.
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TheMetaleek@sh.itjust.worksto Asklemmy@lemmy.ml•Professional Scientists of Lemmy: What is your field of study's, most complex unanswered question?3·1 year agoThe diapsid part is very likely indeed, as fossil skulls of early stem turtles do show some temporal openings ( https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110218-024746 ) The point is more where do they nest within Diapsida, more closely to the Lepidosauromorpha, or to the Archosauromorpha, and where precisely if within one of those clades. The point is that can’t quite be proven using only extant species, whether by DNA or morphological evidence. And concerning ML, the methodology is often criticised, not because it’s bad, but because it’s opaque and thus it is difficult to justify and understand as a process
TheMetaleek@sh.itjust.worksto Asklemmy@lemmy.ml•Professional Scientists of Lemmy: What is your field of study's, most complex unanswered question?9·1 year agoIn phylogeny, genomic is just another tool. The point is that turtles are os course animals, but they do branch off of different reptile groups if you look at morphological evidence (which includes fossil data) or at molecular (genetic) evidence (which only includes extant species). This is not something frequent, as usually molecular evidence tends to strengthen previous morphologically established evolutionary relationships. And even though molecularists are more numerous today, their methods are neither better or worse than anatomy.
Phylogeny is not as straightforward as some people make it seem, and especially molecular phylogeny tends to rely on abstract concepts that can’t always be backed up by biological evidence (I’m not saying it’s wrong, it’s very often very good, juste that a lot of people doing it do not understand the way it works, and thus can’t examine the process critically).
And so turtles’ origin are still very much an active debate!
TheMetaleek@sh.itjust.worksto Asklemmy@lemmy.ml•Professional Scientists of Lemmy: What is your field of study's, most complex unanswered question?29·1 year agoI feel inappropriate near all the very universal questions here, but as a paleontologist specialised in some reptilian groups, the question would probably be “where the fuck do turtles come from?!” The thing is that fossil evidence points to different answers when compared to genetic evidence, and thez separated long enough from other extant groups that we keep on having new “definitive” answers every year
TheMetaleek@sh.itjust.worksto Asklemmy@lemmy.ml•I love-hated Chinatown because the ending is so damn nihilistic. What are some other entertaining movies that have similar endings?1·1 year agoNot sure if it qualifies as nihilistic, but Upgrade (2018) definetely has a very unhappy ending
TheMetaleek@sh.itjust.worksto Explain Like I'm Five@lemmy.world•*Permanently Deleted*English2·2 years agoYes, and as someone who is probably close to a 5yo’s knowledge on the topic, I don’t know anything (or close to that) on either programming or other parts of being “tech savvy”. Thus me saying that coming on the ELI5 community and saying “yeah I actually want a very much not 5yo answer type” is not the spirit, I’d much rather like first basic answers, and eventually other comments going more in-depth, like we see in the majority of posts here
TheMetaleek@sh.itjust.worksto Explain Like I'm Five@lemmy.world•*Permanently Deleted*English3·2 years agoI meant the precision that OP already has knowledge in the domain and asks for more in depth elements
TheMetaleek@sh.itjust.worksto Explain Like I'm Five@lemmy.world•*Permanently Deleted*English94·2 years agoI’m sorry but doesn’t this go against this community’s concept of providing simple explanations for things?
TheMetaleek@sh.itjust.worksto Asklemmy@lemmy.ml•How many Lemmy users are non-technical background?9·2 years agoNot too much techy, paleontologist here
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